Understanding Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a general term used to describe a number of inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Crohn's disease is a chronic (long-term) condition. It can involve any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, but occurs more often in the ileum (part of the small intestine) and the colon (large intestine).

It is estimated that Crohn's disease affects more than 59,000 Canadians.

What is the cause of Crohn's disease?

The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. Research suggests it may be caused by an infection in the intestine. Genetics may also play a role. There is a clear autoimmune element. This means that for some reason the body's immune system, normally designed to fight infection, attack the body's own healthy tissue.

In Crohn's disease it is possible that a virus or bacteria may be involved, which may cause initial damage to the lining of the GI tract. However, we have no idea as of yet what that organism might be. Research suggests environmental factors may also play a role.

Crohn's disease appears most often in people between the ages of 15 and 35. Most cases of Crohn's disease are diagnosed before a person reaches the age of 30. Crohn's can occur in anyone from children to the elderly regardless of ethnicity or gender.

Crohn's disease isn't normally fatal, but it can be a lifelong inconvenience. There is no complete cure for CD. Proper diet and good nutrition are important. Nutritional therapy, medications, surgery, or a combination of these Crohn's disease treatments, may help relieve its symptoms.

If you are experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) you may find it helpful to complete the CD Self-Assessment Discussion Guide.